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Convoy ON 154
Convoy ON-154 was the 154th of the numbered series of World War II merchant ship convoys Outbound from the British Isles to North America. It lost 13 of its 50 freighters.
The ships departed Liverpool on 18 December 1942〔Hague 2000 p.158〕 and were met by the Royal Canadian Navy Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group C-1, consisting of the River class destroyer with the Flower class corvettes , , , , and .〔Milner 1985 p.287〕 ON-154 included the convoy rescue ship ''Toward'', the oiler ''Scottish Heather'' and the French-crewed 2456-ton Special Service Vessel .〔Rohwer & Hummelchen 1992 p.183〕 ''Fidelity'' was armed with four 4-inch (10-cm) guns, four torpedo tubes and a defensive torpedo net. She carried two landing craft (LCV-752 and LCV-754), two OS2U Kingfisher float planes and Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB) 105.〔Lenton & Colledge 1968 p.279〕
The convoy sailed in 12 columns of three or four ships each. The convoy formation was five miles wide and 1.5 miles long.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Convoy ONS 154 )〕
==Background==
As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the second happy time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the ''Befehlshaber der U-Boote'' (''BdU'') or commander in chief of U-Boats, shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search for convoys with the advantage of intelligence gained through ''B-Dienst'' decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3.〔Tarrant p.108〕 However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.〔Hague pp.132, 137-138,161-162,164&181〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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